Purple Hibiscus Chapter 1 Summary & Analysis. Struggling with distance learning? The university is closed until further notice. Aunty Ifeoma and Mama are actually two very different women. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. He sings along with Igbo praise songs in his car and includes singing in his sermons and prayers. Even Eugenes money will not buy everything. I was reading somewhere that Amnesty World is giving your brother an award, Father Amadi said. Jaja, Kambilis brother, is seventeen when the novel begins. She is liberal and outspoken but also a devout Catholic. Sisi provides Mama with the poison used to kill Papa. Aunty Ifeoma is Papas sister and Papa-Nnukwus daughter. Purple Hibiscus Study Guide. down on the floor and says that Ifeoma has come with her university talk again. Its your father. some money to buy Chima a present. Why didnt He just go ahead and save us?, I started putting the poison in his tea before I came to Nsukka. Amaka is Ifeomas teenage daughter and the polar opposite of Kambili. Because Papa eschews all heathens and Papa-Nnukwu worships traditional idols, Kambili and Jaja are not allowed to have a relationship with him. Papas sister, Aunty Ifeoma, said once that Papa was too much of a colonial product. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Today the sister chooses, The students go into their classrooms and a girl named Ezinne asks, the way to their own home in Lagos. Although Papa is abusive, Kambili admires him and is proud of his charitable actions in the community. Papa, Eugene Achike, is a wealthy and famous factory owner, newspaper . She is outspoken and intelligent and was instrumental in shaping the character of Kambili and Jaja. Kambili is not a snob; she is motivated by fear, unable to create her own identity. On one hand, he is religious, supposedly upright (of course he refuses a bride), a philanthropist, a hardworking man, a moderate rich man, and a caring father (at least he provides for his family). But her family is a happy one. The citation above will include either 2 or 3 dates. a hastily packed bag and says that Papa has agreed to let Kevin drive them. After both his sister and mother are hospitalized from beatings, Jaja begins to rebel. He is questioning and mature and delights in intellectual debate. She has no hobbies, no friends other than Jaja, and no goals. However, on a trip to Nuskka, she lives with her aunt who views life more open-mindedly, thus giving her a new . This has usually been described as bildungsroman. With Papas support, he is openly critical of the corrupt government and becomes a political target. She is a quiet, shy, obedient fifteen-year-old who lives in constant fear of her father's wrath. Thus, Adichie seems to be telling us that where silence is regarded as the norm, nothing but grimy and gloomy occurrences is bound to happen. Eugene Achike is both Kambili and Jajas father and Aunty Ifeomas brother. The sun turned white, the color and shape of the host. When Kambili is sick with cramps during a religious fast, she secretly encourages her to eat something to help absorb her pain medication. But she takes her children back with her. Mama told us. 2273 Words10 Pages. He punishes his wife, Mama (Beatrice Achike), and his children when they fail to live up to his impossibly high standards. When Kambili stays with Aunty Ifeoma, she and Father Amadi begin a friendship that moves quickly toward the fringes of romance. He owns several factories and publishes the pro-democracy newspaper the Standard. He is killed by a letter bomb bearing the State Seal. I laughed. 22. Certainly, there is little redeeming about Papa (Eugene Achike). Or do these events represent a false hope that has been a part of the Achike family for most of their lives? online is the same, and will be the first date in the citation. Papa begrudgingly agrees. Papa generously donates to his parish and his childrens schools. Since the death of his father, Obiora has assumed the role of man of the house. beginning of the book. Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie explores the themes of religious hypocrisy, finding one's voice, and the persistence of love through the story of Kambili Achike, a young Nigerian woman . Obiora inspires Jaja to open his eyes. He says that Jaja and, two gas cylinders in the car, along with lots of food. Though the abuse worsens over time, she refuses to leave. that from the top you can see how God laid out the hills of Nsukka. and open way of thinking. sister, he takes it and builds on it. Of course there is more than a mere display of mastery of the language; Adichie has equally demonstrated her originality and true African nay Nigerian Identity through her manoeuvre of both English and Igbo, the latter being her mother tongue, since she is originally from the Eastern part of Nigeria. Though Jaja has learned to not expect a favorable outcome, Kambili is overjoyed. A freedom to be, to do. Instant PDF downloads. What brings Jaja to the point of openly defying his father is his immersion in the family life of Aunty Ifeoma's household. Analysis. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. The characters in the novel are a representation of the new breed of people, with divergent beliefs and cultures in a new political era, all trying to address socio-political and cultural issues depending on . in his tea since before she came to Nsukka. Jaja, on the other hand, blossoms. She is terrified of displeasing Papa, so she works hard at school and sticks closely to the detailed and inflexible schedule Papa creates for her and her brother. This lack of family connection grieves Papa-Nnukwu, who believes Papa's stance shows a lack of respect. Papa calls his father a heathen because he still follows the religious traditions of his people, the Igbo. The next day is Sunday, and the family plans to go to early Mass. Although he respects and obeys his fathers headship of the family, he dislikes his religious extremity. This development later charts the course of action that the story will advance. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." God works in mysterious ways. And I thought how Papa would be proud that I had said that, how he would approve of my saying that. shaking. A bad sign. When the family arrives home from . Father Amadi asks. 1 May 2023. Mostly, my cousins did the talking and Aunty Ifeoma sat back and watched them, eating slowly. Log in here. Kambili struggles with speech, often stuttering or mumbling when others speak to her. Through Father Amadi, Kambili learns that it is possible to think for oneself and yet still be devout. And they did. Coming of Age Kambili and Jaja both come of age in Purple Hibiscus as a result of their experiences. Ade Coker was blown up when he opened the packagea package everybody would have known was from the Head of State even if his wife Yewande had not said that Ade Coker looked at the envelope and said It has the State House seal before he opened it. Obiora is Ifeomas teenage son and an autodidact who is constantly asking philosophical questions. He is a radical catholic whose religious extremism has blinded him from the realities of his families. Jaja is a good man. Course Hero. Unlike Papa, Aunty Ifeoma encourages her children to question authority, raising them with faith but also intellectual curiosity. Download a PDF to print or study offline. He decides to go to the evening Mass instead of the usual morning one. When Aunty Ifeoma comes to visit from her University town of Nsukka, she argues with Papa about his mistreatment of their father. GradeSaver, 12 May 2012 Web. Certainly, there is little redeeming about Papa (Eugene Achike). Kambili Achike Character Analysis Next Jaja (Chukwuka Achike) The novel's narrator, a fifteen-year-old girl who is quiet and withdrawn, but an excellent student. Mama fires him after Papa dies. She shows them that speaking up for themselves is not a sin. I should have taken care of Mama. The purple hibiscus is a symbol of freedom and is a flower growing in Aunty Ifeoma's garden, giving renewed hope to Kambili and Jaja. She even begins speaking above a whisper to Amaka, and they become closer. 24. He sometimes claims primary responsibility for actions so others in the family will not incur Papa's wrathuntil Palm Sunday, that is, when Jaja decides to skip Communion, knowing his father will be furious and inflict punishment at home. When the story begins, Kambili is fifteen years old and painfully shy. But Papa did not laugh. Though Aunty Ifeoma grew up with Papa, she is a liberated woman who speaks her mind. "Purple Hibiscus Study Guide." Father Amadi banters with him and Amaka, but then points out, Father Amadi leaves, and Aunty Ifeoma tells. February 15, 2023 analysis, chimanamada, prose. However, he is also Papa's victim, so there is little he can do to stop the abuse. He encourages Kambili to spread her wings. Purple Hibiscus essays are academic essays for citation. he should have taken better care of Mama, like Obiora takes care of Aunty Ifeoma. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. He severs ties with both his father and faith. Papa-Nnukwu falls ill while Kambili and Jaja are visiting Nsukka, and they finally get to know him better during his last days. Kambili lives under the wrath of her father's extremist values causing her to change and behave perfectly in Papa's eyes; Papas idea of perfection is sinless, which causes her to live a very quiet and fearful life. Kambili is the novel's narrator. Characterization in Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Kambili Achike Protagonist Self-conscious= stutters often 15 years old Lives under strict influence of Catholicism in her father's home Expected to be the best at everything, including school: if not she would be punished by her father Best summary PDF, themes, and quotes. She is able to develop her own values from the world views of his parents. Amaka tries it and politely suggests that Papa make it less sweet. Prior to the events in the novel, she suffered multiple miscarriages, and she continues to struggle with her fertility as the familys story unfolds. The Purple Hibiscus study guide contains a biography of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Sisi helped her get the poison. "Purple Hibiscus Summary". Had the story been told from the perspective of a character other than the 15-year old Kambili, there would be less effect of the suspense and tense atmosphere on the reader. Each chapter marks the development of the girl-narrator, Kambili, as she curiously becomes inquisitive about the situation surrounding, first, her identity, and, then, her domestic reality, a delicate aspect of her life that has been completely dominated by the fear of her domineering father. Through Aunty Ifeoma's example, Kambili and Jaja see that Papa's way of raising a family is not the only way and may not be a good way. Why did you become a priest? I blurted out, then wished I had not asked, that the bubbles in my throat had not let that through. Kambili Achike She is a fifteen-year-old girl who is shy and quiet. He was crying now, tears streaming down his face I watched the water leave the kettle, flowing almost in slow motion in an arc to my feet. a part in keeping the flat very clean. Ifeoma could not afford it. Papa-Nnukwu shook his head. He tells stories and makes jokes, and Kambili envies the closeness of his existing relationship with her cousins. This behavior carries over outside her house as well. He seems tired and greets, own small clinic since the strike. Mama was pregnant, but one night she saw papa carrying her down the stairs after they had gotten into . She represents true parenthood and responsible motherhood. I hear hes very involved in the editorial decisions. When Papa-Nnukwu informs his community that he would like to have a relationship with his grandchildren, Papa concedes in order to keep up appearances. Since the Standard tells the truth, the staff is under constant pressure from the Head of State, the military leader who assumes the presidency following a coup. They leave and drop off Papa-Nnukwu. Retrieved May 1, 2023, from https://www.coursehero.com/lit/Purple-Hibiscus/. Jaja and. An intelligent, sensitive and revolutionary young man and two years older than his sister, Kambili, Chuwuka is nicknamed Jaja since his childhood owing to his linguistic incompetence common with children grabbling with speech. As their relationship grows, so does Kambili's character growth and self-discovery. Aunty Ifeoma urges her not to return to Enugu. Adichie uses him to expose the beastly nature of most extremely religious parent whose religious dogma has robbed them of their sanity and humanity, of their human feelings for others. Papa has beaten her again, causing another miscarriage. Adichie was born as the fifth of sixth children and raised in Nsukka, Nigeria. The Standard is the only paper that dares to tell the truth these days. Yes, Aunty Ifeoma said. Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie is a very dense novel that focuses on the development of the main character and the supporting characters which could be defined as Bildungsroman. While an abuser in private, Papa is a philanthropist in public. He is arrested, and he serves several years in jail before Kambili and Mama are able to orchestrate his release through bribery. He was an abusive and damaged man. Indeed, Kambilis realisation of her true self begins at Nsukka, where she gains the voice to fight back and where she has the gut to fall in love with a liberal reverend father, Father Amadi. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1725 titles we cover. The narrator, Kambili, takes a reader through the psychology of the characters and explores them in different ways. happily, half-jokingly offering them food even though he knows they are forbidden to eat there. And as we all know, silence is usually associated with gloom and doom, with fear, death, with the graveyard, all of these are, no doubt, responsible for the childrens introverted tendency, especially kambili who has never experienced what it really means to be cheerful, to be truly happy until she meets her cousins. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. They are encouraged to speak out and are not punished for doing so. Papa is a study in contradictions. Copyright 1999 - 2023 GradeSaver LLC. I'm not sure what specifically you are referring to. Course Hero. Plot for Purple Hibiscus * Purple Hibiscus takes place in Enugu, a city in post-colonial Nigeria, and is narrated by the main character, Kambili Achike. They are always so quiet, he said, turning to Papa. However, at home, he expects perfection and silence from his children and physically and emotionally abuses them regularly to force compliance and obedience. A silence hangs over them, but it is a different kind of silence now, and. At dinner the next few days Papas hands seem to be shaking. He was different from Ade Coker, from all the other people they had killed. Last Updated on February 24, 2020, by eNotes Editorial. Apart from all the characters examined above, we are also presented with Papa-Nnukwu, an old man and father to Achike Eugene and Aunty Ifeoma, who suffers unduly because of his religious belief. Teachers and parents! The Question and Answer section for Purple Hibiscus is a great He will only acknowledge and support his father if he converts. royalty) has arrived to visit Papa, and so the family goes downstairs to greet him. as tall as Papa is, and walks and speaks quickly and with purpose. Do Jajas upcoming release from prison and the death of the Head of State both represent hope for the family and for Nigeria? "Purple Hibiscus - Characters" eNotes Publishing You burn your feet, he said. The family supervises a feast that feeds the entire umunna extended family. Kambili and Jaja learn to be more accepting in Nsukka. ), Analysis of LONELY DAYS by Bayo Adebowale, Where words fail, music speaks- Let's meet MORA, Chapter by Chapter Summary of the novel IN DEPENDENCE Sarah Ladipo Manyika, Analysis of A GRAIN OF WHEAT by Ngugi Wa Tiongo, 2018 Principals Scholarship Program At De Montfort University,UK, Analysis of The Wives' Revolt by J.P Clark, Analysis of "Redemption" by George Herbert. Because of his concern that he and his family go to heaven rather than be condemned to hell, Papa violently punishes his family even for thinking about doing something wrong, often weeping as he does so. The second is the date of People are just too tired and defeated to speak. Amaka and Papa-Nnukwu spoke sometimes, their voices low, twining together. He clings onto his mother and to both Obiora and Father Amadi. If there are three dates, the first date is the date of the original In the subsequent chapters of the novel, Adichie gives an account of the choking atmosphere that has engulfed the household, a result of Papas highhandedness and blind religious fanaticism. She is a university lecturer, and she encourages her children to be critical, ask questions, and challenge themselves. Have a love sip, he would say, and Jaja would go first. McKeever, Christine. She looked like a football coach who had done a good job with her team and was satisfied to stand next to the eighteen-yard box and watch. visa or not, and whether they should splurge on commodities in their last few weeks. I have nothing to say, Jaja said. Papa is a devout Catholic with an extremely conservative view of moral behavior. Thus, she sees divorce as both impractical and immoral. Purple Hibiscus essays are academic essays for citation. Chima is Ifeomas youngest child, a bright and inquisitive seven-year-old. Even though Kambilis point of view seems biased at some points in the novel, (as common with the first-person narrative point of view), it still strikes us with much realism and provides us with a keen sense of observation one without which the readers would be left soulless, unmoved by the mood of fear and apprehension that hangs loosely on every member of the Achike family. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. When Father Amadi is reassigned to a new location by the Catholic authorities, he and Kambili bid each other an emotional goodbye. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Papa-Nnukwu is incredibly warm and welcoming to them, and he regrets that they dont know each other better. The first difference to note is how much wealth the Achike family possesses. She, however, later becomes fed up with the situation in the house and then decides to get rid of the monster that has threatened the life of every member of the house Eugene, by poisoning him. Kambili is floored. 1 May 2023 . As a result of this interaction, a comparison of the condition of life in both homes Achikes and Aunty Ifeomas is brought to fore. Aunty Ifeomas eldest son, fourteen years old. For instance, he defies his fathers orders when he refuses to go to communion at the start of the novel. She is fiercely loyal to her Nigerian roots despite her Catholic upbringing. More books than SparkNotes. She did it all the time believing they would scale the rod. He was gracious, in the eager-to-please way that he always assumed with the religious, especially with the white religious. The girls at school assume she is a snob because she doesnt socialize and always runs straight to her fathers car after class. Mama dismisses Ifeomas arguments as university talk. Mama has no use for logic that does not apply there are two sides to every story. how does this apply to purple hibiscus and the characters. Atom You should not see sin and walk right into it. He lowered the kettle into the tub, tilted it toward my feet. evening they are playing cards when the phone rings. Mama is a quiet and religious woman, accustomed to obeying the rule of her husband. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. Though Aunty Ifeoma grew up with Papa, she is a liberated woman who speaks her mind. The money is un Redemption by George Herbert Having been tenant long to a rich lord, Not thriving, I resolvd to be bold, And make a suit unto him, as a novel is dressed with all the constitutive elements inherent in the novel genre, namely, plot, characterization, theme, and style, all of which are relevant in understanding its literary essence. Have study documents to share about Purple Hibiscus? However, Catholic priests' vows of celibacy prevent them from engaging in romantic relationships. Mama dismisses Ifeomas arguments as university talk. Mama has no use for logic that does not apply there are two sides to every story. how does this apply to purple hibiscus and the characters. You would never see white people doing that. Amaka does not want to go to America either because her roots are in Nigeria. Silence Jaja, have you not shared a drink with us, gbo? Mama is silent now, wracked with grief. His wife was spooning Cerelac into the babys mouth. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Course Hero. But on the other hand, he is a religious zealot, a callous and insensitive father, an aggressive and hypocritical leader. Purple Hibiscus Summary and Analysis of Chapter Three. Ade Coker was laughing; so was his wife, Yewanda. A Nigerian-born priest, Father Amadi is gentle and supportive. She has tried to tell everyone that she is to blame for the murder, but her confession has fallen on deaf ears. riddled with potholes. Around the time Ifeoma gets her visa, Father Amadi is sent on a mission to Germany. hugging herself for a while, and then starts polishing the ceramic figurines on the tagre. This defiant act and resulting violence marks the beginning of the end of the Achike family. Everyone talks and laughs loudly as they eat, and Aunty Ifeoma jokes with her children. Charmed by the light atmosphere of Aunty Ifeomas house, Kambili, the girl-narrator observes: Laughter always rang out in Aunty Ifeomas house, (148). Beatrice Achike, or Mama, endures her husband's abuse and watches passively as he violently abuses her children. Papa arrives the next day to pick up Mama, Jaja, and. Father Amadi drives up to visit Papa-Nnukwu, and, take Jaja and Obiora to the stadium that evening to play soccer. Amaka gives her a painting of Papa-Nnukwu to take back to Enugu. She accepts and encourages debate and disagreement among her children. The final chapter of the book takes place nearly three years later. We would not have Jaja and Kambili in the story had they not been born by Beatrice. My voice was loud. One day she is studying in her room when Yewande Coker, the wife of Ade Coker ( Papa 's editor at the Standard) comes to the door sobbing. Papa is celebrated for his generosity in Abba as well. The second date is today's The tea was always too hot, always burned my tongue, and if lunch was something peppery, my raw tongue suffered. Sisi got it for me; her uncle is a powerful witch doctor. For a long, silent moment I could think of nothing Then I thought of taking sips of Papas tea, love sips, the scalding liquid that burned his love onto my tongue. Weinbloom, Elizabeth ed. The University is beset by fuel shortages, pay stoppages, strikes at medical clinics, blackouts, and rising food prices. Watching them, I felt a longing for something I knew I would never have. Kambilis father, Papa (Eugene Achike) is a strict authoritarian whose strict adherence to Catholicism overshadows his paternal love. There are quite a few layers of narrative to the story but I'm not sure about two sides. go off to discuss a book, and Chima and Obiora play a card game, laughing. Jaja, have you not shared a drink with us, gbo? The rigid life that is shaped by her father renders her mute. It is this belief, therefore, that necessitates a brief look into the mapping out of characters as well as the role played by each of them in Adichies novel titled. ANALYSIS OF PURPLE HIBISCUS Olawumi Nana. When he falls ill, Aunty Ifeoma brings Papa-Nnukwu to her flat. As Kambili and Jaja spend time in her home and watch her interact with her own family, they begin to see what familial love can look like. A few days later, Mama calls. Kambili and Mama visit a hardened Jaja in prison. He has faced severe punishments and miserable conditions over the course of his term. That was the problem with our people, Papa told us, our priorities were wrong; we cared too much about huge church buildings and mighty statues. Before Palm Sunday, consists of twelve chapters while the third and fourth (THE PIECES OF GODS: After Palm Sunday and A DIFFERENT SILENCE: The Present) comprise chapters three and one respectively. In the course of the story, Jajas true nature, just like his sisters, blossoms as a result of his interaction with his cousins at Aunty Ifeomas. Papa-Nnukwu is a traditionalist, holding on to the faith of his ancestors. She hugs. When, at Ifeomas prompting, she disagrees openly with Amaka, their connection is solidified, and the two begin to develop a close friendship. Chima is the baby and does not yet have many responsibilites. The widowed Aunty Ifeoma successfully raises her three children, Amaka, Obiora and Chima, with what little she has. Purple Hibiscus: A Literary Analysis Authors: Gladys Agyeiwaa Denkyi- Manieson Central University College Discover the world's research Content uploaded by Gladys Agyeiwaa Denkyi- Manieson Author. "Hanging Fire". Like Papa, he refuses to concede his journalistic freedom, continuing to publish critical journal articles during the political turmoil. She idolizes her father, Papa, even as she fears his violent punishments, and her worldview is based on his read analysis of Kambili Achike Jaja (Chukwuka Achike) Anikwenwa. He is warm and gentle to the children of the village, representing a modern take on faith. Her crush on Father Amadi intensifies and she begins to break out of her shell more, learning how to laugh and to join in the Igbo songs. While privately a tyrant, Papa runs a newspaper that is one of the few willing to be openly critical of the tyrannical government. Aunty Ifeoma stopped speaking to Papa after he barred Papa-Nnukwu from coming to his house, and a few years passed before they finally started speaking to each other. I was not sure I had ever heard myself laugh. The story of Kambili Achike's transition from a dependent teenager to an independent one is told in Purple Hibiscus. Aged fifteen nearly through the entire plot of the novel, she is a keen observer, brilliant, collected and gentle. The Purple Hibiscus study guide contains a biography of Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis. Classmates consider her snobbish because she doesn't speak with them, nor does she stay after school to talk and hang out. laughs. In Purple Hibiscus the narrator, Kambili starts by being shy and detached because she went from Papa's house which was an unhealthy abusive home to Aunt Ifeoma's home, which was a freely and happy home; by the end, Kambili was open to people and was a compassionate person. Papa greets them and gives them all money. She lives under the strict Catholic rule of her father, who expects his children to succeed at all costs. date the date you are citing the material. Like Mama, he quietly attempts to hide things that might make Papa angry. In what ways are Aunty Ifeoma and Mama similar? She is a quiet, shy, obedient fifteen-year-old who lives in constant fear of her fathers wrath. Aunty Ifeoma invites Kambili and Jaja to visit so they can go on a pilgrimage to Aokpe, site of a miraculous apparition of the Virgin Mary. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. He greets them and starts to eat. She is a resilient, educated, intelligent and liberal mother who trains her children to be outgoing and outspoken, rather than be confined to religious solitary in a bid to appear moral. Papa gives Jaja and. When she leaves Nigeria to teach in the United States, she maintains regular correspondence with both of them. When Papa demands that Kambili and Jaja come home in a rush, Ifeoma gives Jaja some purple hibiscuses to plant in Enugu. Jaja and, Amaka then asks if Papa was the one who hurt, power goes off that evening, and Father Amadi comes over with some food. Tensions rise in the home too. The passive servant girl in the Achike household. The entire story is told from her point of view. He is taken with Kambili in part because she is so quiet. These papers were written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of Purple Hibiscus by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie. He is eventually killed in his home by an exploding package sent from the head of state, and Papa sets up a trust for his wife and children. A widower, she is raising her three children alone. Aunty Ifeoma deflects his question quickly, which is how Kambili discovers that Jaja told her about their father. Mama cries as she tends to Kambili's burned feet. In the week between Palm Sunday and Easter, Jaja grows increasingly defiant. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. She and Papa are polar opposites: while he is strict and traditional, she is outspoken and full of life and warmth. She says that soldiers have taken Ade away. While they sang, I opened my eyes and stared at the wall I pressed my lips together, biting my lower lip, so my mouth would not join in the singing on its own, so my mouth would not betray me. Father Amadi is a friend of Aunty Ifeoma who also lives in Nsukka. He is a supportive ally of Papas, praising him constantly as one of the pillars of the community.
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