When Confederate armies invaded Kentucky in 1862, bringing extra arms to equip new volunteers, briefly seizing the state capital, and installing an ephemeral state government, local recruitment proved weak and Union forces soon decisively defeated the invasion. While historians agree that slavery was a fundamental cause of the war and southern secession, many in the public still contest this historical interpretation. In addition, Kathleen was a seasonal interpreter at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park from 2010-2014 and has worked on various other publications and projects. Resolved, By the people of Alabama, in Convention assembled That the State of Alabama cannot, and will not, submit to the Administration of Lincoln and Hamlin as President and Vice President of the United States, upon the principles referred to in the preamble. AN ORDINANCE to repeal the ratification of the Constitution of the United State of America by the State of Virginia, and to resume all the rights and powers granted under said Constitution. Be it ordained, That we do hereby forever sever our connection with the Government of the United States, and in the name of the people we do hereby declare Kentucky to be a free and independent State, clothed with all power to fix her own destiny and to secure her own rights and liberties. Alabamainfohub.com acknowledges that the information provided on this website is for information purposes only. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,. Sign up for our quarterly email series highlighting the environmental benefits of battlefield preservation. what southern cross was waved? We do further ordain and declare, That all rights acquired and vested under the Constitution of the United States of America, or of any act or acts of Congress, or treaty, or under any law of this State, and not incompatible with this ordinance, shall remain in full force and effect, in nowise altered or impaired, and have the same effect as if this ordinance had not been passed. Alabama Series J. Z. George, of Carroll; S. J. Gholson, of Monroe; E. H. Sanders, of Attala; J. L. Alcorn, of Coahoma; to the offices of president and vice-president of the United States of America, The first was the election of Abraham Lincoln to the presidency. and Barbara Long), p. 25. Done in convention at the city of Raleigh, this the 20th day of May, in the year of our Lord 1861, and in the eighty-fifth year of the independence of said State. Immediately after Abraham Lincoln (1809-1861) was elected President, in November, 1860, several Southern states took steps to secede from the Union. This act was passed by a rump legislature called into session in Neosho, Mo., by Gov. First. Two remaining Southern states, Delaware and Maryland, rejected secession and were not regarded by either side as having seceded. Articles. Every delegate was a white male owning, on average, 10 enslaved people. A state's sovereign right to secede. We, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the ordinance adopted by us in convention on the twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America was ratified, and also all acts and parts of acts of the General Assembly of this State ratifying amendments of the said Constitution, are hereby repealed; and that the union now subsisting between South Carolina and other States, under the name of the "United States of America," is hereby dissolved. SEC. Over the next few weeks I will post the documents of secession (with annotations) issued by the eleven Confederate states and two border states who ultimately did not secede. The Declaration of Causes made by Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union. States and people of the Northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting Immediately after Abraham Lincoln (18091861) was elected President, in November, 1860, several Southern states took steps to secede from the Union. . Be it declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama, in Convention assembled, That the State of Alabama now withdraws, and is hereby withdrawn from the Union known as "the United States of America," and henceforth ceases to be one of said United States, and is, and of right ought to be a Sovereign and Independent State. Document to the people of Alabama from thirty-three men at the 1861 secession convention explaining why they did not sign the Ordinance of Secession. In Tennessee as in Arkansas, during the secession crisis of 1861 the support for immediate secession was weak. by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the Be it further declared and ordained by the people of the State of Alabama in Convention assembled, That all powers over the Territory of said State, and over the people thereof, heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America, be and they are hereby withdrawn from said Government, and are hereby resumed and vested in the people of the State of Alabama. Document: The Secession Acts of the 13 Confederate States. Geographic exposure to conflict between larger neighboring states also deterred secession in Delaware and Maryland. ________________________________________LOUISIANA Alabama's secession document blames the vagaries of the threat of the Lincoln Administration, rather than stating the defense of slavery outright. We, the people of the State of Louisiana, in convention assembled, do declare and ordain, and it is hereby declared and ordained, That the ordinance passed by us in convention on the 22d day of November, in the year eighteen hundred and eleven, whereby the Constitution of the United States of America and the amendments of the said Constitution were adopted, and all laws and ordinances by which the State of Louisiana became a member of the Federal Union, be, and the same are hereby, repealed and abrogated; and that the union now subsisting between Louisiana and other States under the name of "The United States of America" is hereby dissolved. A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of Records of Ante-Bellum Southern . View 06.05 history.docx from HISTORY 10 at Pike County High School. In this essay, the author. It was one of the original seven states to form the Confederacy on Read more The Declaration of Causes of Seceding States | American Battlefield Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected president. 1861, at the city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, for the purpose of A geographic correlation existed between local prevalence of slavery[6] and support for secession. The secession resolution cited the election of ABRAHAM LINCOLN by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions, and the peace and security of the state, as reason for secession. Read the other secession documents here: South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee Missouri Kentucky No other state or territory contemplated secession, and the Confederacy did not claim Delaware or Maryland as member states.[5]. A test vote resulted in 54 to 46 for secession. Reconvened in March, the Georgia Secession Convention, now a constitutional convention, ratified the new Confederate Constitution and voted to submit the new Georgia constitution to the people by ballot in July. This ordinance shall take effect and be an act of this day, when ratified by a majority of the voter of the people of this State cast at a poll to be taken thereon on the fourth Thursday in May next, in pursuance of a schedule hereafter to be enacted. Secession Acts of the Thirteen Confederate States. . Alabama Secession Banner of 1861 (U.S.) Last modified: 2012-02-11 by rick wyatt Keywords: . Confederate States of America : Documents Declarations of Secession Georgia; January 29, 1861 Mississippi South Carolina; December 24, 1860 Texas; February 2, 1861 Messages and Papers of the Confederacy Constitution for the Provisional Government; February 8, 1861 Fugitive Slave Act 1850. July 26, 2018. Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections, United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865. Montgomery, Alabama. from West Virginia University in 2012 and her B.A. And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States, Alabamainfohub.com provides information through various online resources and not liable to any kind of error or oversight. People of Alabama, in Convention assembled, Last edited on 29 December 2017, at 18:34, Ordinances and Constitution of the State of Alabama, The Constitution of the United States of America, https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=Alabama_Ordinance_of_Secession&oldid=7173462. Florida's Ordinance of Secession . The issues of secession are complex and it is very true that not every soldier who went to war had slavery in mind as a motivation. Most of the ordinances of secession were straight-forward documents referring to a state's ratification of the Constitution then withdrawing the state from it, as well as proclaiming its sovereignty, etc. Adopted by the convention of Virginia April 17,1861 ratified by a vote of 132,201 to 37,451 on 23 May 1861. President Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus and overwhelming Union military intervention aimed at protecting Washington blocked the Maryland legislature, or any other group in Maryland, from considering secession further after the legislature overwhelmingly rejected calling a secession convention but retained some notion of limiting cooperation with the Union and military coercion. ________________________________________TEXAS And as it is the desire and purpose of the people of Alabama to meet the slaveholding States of the South, who may approve such purpose, in order to frame a provisional as well as permanent Government upon the principles of the Constitution of the United States. Part of the The University of Alabama Libraries Special Collections Repository, some erosion (taking about ten letters); matted, glazed, and framed, Document to the people of Alabama from thirty-three men at the 1861 secession convention explaining why they did not sign the Ordinance of Secession. In addition, Kathleen was a seasonal interpreter at Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park from 2010-2014 and has worked on various other publications and projects. The document is signed in type by Robert Jemison Jr. and thirty-two others. The legislature voted to hold an election on December 22 for the selection of delegates for an upcoming Secession Convention. The new Republican Party was a purely Northern party with a platform that was anti-slavery. Be it resolved by the people of Alabama in Convention assembled, That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in Convention, on the 4th day of February, A.D., 1861, at the city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, for the purpose of consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted and harmonious action in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for our common peace and security. Alabama Ordinance of Secession of 1861. Date:1861. Compiled with the long-term conflicts that had accrued over the past decades, many Southerners perceived Lincoln as an abolitionist bent on destroying slavery and a president who only represented the interests of the North. Description North Carolina was one of the last states to secede from the Union and join the Confederacy. Describe Alabama's secession process. the "free labor" interests of the North that culminated in secession and civil war. The Majority of our funds go directly to Preservation and Education. Mississippi seceded from the United States on January 9, 1861. Are you looking for Alabama Declaration Of Secession ? Your email address will not be published. a copy of the foregoing Preamble, Ordinance, and Resolutions to the Governors of South CarolinaMississippiFloridaAlabamaGeorgiaLouisianaTexasVirginiaArkansasNorth CarolinaTennesseeMissouriKentucky. Whereas the present Administration of the Government of the United States has utterly ignored the Constitution, subverted the Government as constructed and intended by its makers, and established a despotic and arbitrary power instead thereof: Now, therefore, Be it enacted by the general assembly of the State of Missouri, That all political ties of every character new existing between the Government of the United States of America and the people and government of the State of Missouri are hereby dissolved, and the State of Missouri, resuming the sovereignty granted by compact to the said United States upon admission of said State into the Federal Union, does again take its place as a free and independent republic amongst the nations of the earth. Secession. Lincoln's 1st Inaugural Address (1861) Ordinances of Secession. . Research materials are plentiful. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE AND ORDINANCE dissolving the federal relations between the State of Tennessee and the United States of America. A second resolution passed that enabled the remaining 24 opponents to sign a document acknowledging Alabamas decision without taking part in it. in history with a Certificate in Revolutionary Era Studies from Siena College in 2010. Alabama was central to the Civil War, with the secession convention at Montgomery, birthplace of the Confederacy, inviting other states to form a Southern Republic, during January-March 1861, and develop constitutions to legally run their own affairs. AN ORDINANCE. During the next two months ordinances of secession were adopted by the states of Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas. consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted Tennessee's Ordinance of SecessionJune 8, 1861. AN ORDINANCE To dissolve the Union between the State of Texas and the other States united under the Compact styled "the Constitution of the United States of America." We do further declare and ordain that the union now existing between the State of Georgia and other States under the name of the United States of America is hereby dissolved, and that the State of Georgia is in full possession and exercise of all those rights of sovereignty which belong and appertain to a free and independent State. Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the offices of President and Vice President of the United States of America, by a sectional party, avowedly hostile to the domestic institutions and to the peace and security of the people of the State of Alabama, preceded by many and dangerous infractions of the Constitution of the United States by many of the States and people of the northern section, is a political wrong of so insulting and menacing a character as to justify the people of the State of Alabama in the adoption of prompt and decided measures for their future peace and security; therefore. WHEREAS, The recent developments in Federal affairs make it evident that the power of the Federal Government is sought to be made a weapon with which to strike down the interests and property of the people of Texas, and her sister slave-holding States, instead of permitting it to be, as was intended, our shield against outrage and aggression; THEREFORE,SECTION 1.-- We, the people of the State of Texas, by delegates in convention assembled, do declare and ordain that the ordinance adopted by our convention of delegates on the 4th day of July, A.D. 1845, and afterwards ratified by us, under which the Republic of Texas was admitted into the Union with other States, and became a party to the compact styled "The Constitution of the United States of America," be, and is hereby, repealed and annulled; that all the powers which, by the said compact, were delegated by Texas to the Federal Government are revoked and resumed; that Texas is of right absolved from all restraints and obligations incurred by said compact, and is a separate sovereign State, and that her citizens and people are absolved from all allegiance to the United States or the government thereof. As in Missouri and Kentucky, thousands from Delaware and Maryland also fought for the Confederacy. Secession process in the US Civil War The first seven seceding states, all of the Deep South, were motivated mainly by two factors: the election in November 1860 of President Lincoln, who had no support among Southern voters, and the direct threat to slavery his election posed. Ultimately, eleven statesSouth Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolinapursued independence as part of the Confederacy. Following Abraham Lincoln's election, on November 6, 1860, Governor Madison Starke Perry called on Florida to join with other southern states seceeding from the United States. Stop the Largest Rezoning in Orange County History, Grant Remembers the Surrender and Victory at Vicksburg, "Rejoicing Over the Proclamation" Primary Source Questions, A Brief Overview of the American Civil War, The Gathering Storm: The Secession Crisis. In February 1861, representatives of the seceding states met in Montgomery, Alabama, and organized the Confederate States of America. Donations to the Trust are tax deductible to the full extent allowable under the law. However, President James Buchanan, in his State of the Union Address of December 3, 1860, stated that the Union rested only upon public opinion and that conciliation was its only legitimate means of preservation; President Thomas Jefferson also had suggested in 1816, after his presidency but in official correspondence, that secession of some states might be desirable. AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of South Carolina and other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America." The ordinance declared Florida to be "a sovereign and independent nation." On April 13, the convention ratified the constitution adopted by the Confederate States of America. ________________________________________MISSISSIPPI To dissolve the Union between the State of Alabama and other States united under the compact styled " The Constitution of the United States of America ." Whereas, the election of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin to the . If not, mention your queries in the comment section. Our FREE Virtual Teacher Institute is the can't miss online educator event of the summer. Adopted January 11, 1861. Now the word "rights" can be found 14 times, and "right" appear 32 times in these four state secession . document or series of documents begins. ________________________________________KENTUCKY It was one of the original seven states to form the Confederacy on. Sec. Feb 24 secession secession political movement ben fitzpatrick (cooperationists) (immediatists) unionists? The Richmond Daily Dispatch reported: The forts contained 78,000 stand of arms, 1,500 boxes of powder, 300,000 rounds of musket cartridges, and other munitions of war.. That the people of the States of Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Missouri, be and are hereby invited to meet the people of the State of Alabama, by their Delegates, in Convention, on the fourth day of February, A. D. 1861, at the city of Montgomery, in the State of Alabama, for the purpose of consulting with each other as to the most effectual mode of securing concerted and harmonious action in whatever measures may be deemed most desirable for our common peace and security. And be it further resolved, That the President of this Convention, be and is hereby instructed to transmit forthwith a copy of the foregoing Preamble, Ordinance, and Resolutions to the Governors of the several States named in said resolutions. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! Those favoring immediate secession were mainly influential cotton planters from central and southern Alabama, which included the key areas surrounding Montgomery and Mobile. Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to email a link to a friend (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window). Jackson (who had been removed from office by the State Convention) On January 11, 1861, a convention of elected delegates passed an ordinance withdrawing Alabama . It even led to a sharp exchange at a recent meeting of the Alabama Political Science Association. Alabama and Arkansas did go a little beyond pure legalese in discussing some issues but nothing like a declaration of causes. ________________________________________NORTH CAROLINA AN ORDINANCE to dissolve the union between the State of Mississippi and other States united with her under the compact entitled "The Constitution of the United States of America." Top of page The government of South Carolina declared its causes for seceding on December 24, 1860, four days after it became the first state to issue a formal ordinance of secession on December 20, 1860. For the South, however, slavery was much more at the forefront. The "Secession Movement," political cartoon, ca. ). And we do further hereby declare and ordain, That the State of Arkansas hereby resumes to herself all rights and powers heretofore delegated to the Government of the United States of America; that her citizens are absolved from all allegiance to said Government of the United States, and that she is in full possession and exercise of all the rights and sovereignty which appertain to a free and independent State. These are great resources to use in the classroomI do an exercise with these documents whenever I teach secession to my studentsbut also for those who want to engage in the practice of history and better understand the causes of secession. Peter Brannon of the Alabama Department of Archives and History the flag was not officially adopted as the Republic of Alabama flag. In 1863 a Unionist government in western Virginia created a new state from 50 western counties which entered the Union as West Virginia. 2. The conflict in Charleston did not necessarily cause the next four states to secede, but after Fort Sumter Lincoln issued his call for volunteer troops from the North to reclaim federal property in the South and combat the secession of the Southern states.
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